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Economy—overview: Lithuania has benefited from its disciplined approach to market reform and its adherence to strict fiscal and monetary policies imposed by the IMF, measures that have helped constrain the growth of the money supply, reduce inflation to 5.1%, and support GDP growth of 6% in 1997 and 4.5% in 1998. Foreign direct investment and the privatization program maintained their momentum in 1998. However, the current account deficit has hovered around 8% to 10% of GDP annually since 1995—the result of greater demand for consumer goods and falling growth in exports. Reducing this deficit is the immediate economic challenge for 1999.
GDP: purchasing power parity—$17.6 billion (1998 est.)
GDP—real growth rate: 4.5% (1998 est.)
GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$4,900 (1998 est.)
GDP—composition by sector:
agriculture: 13%
industry: 32%
services: 55% (1997 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3.4%
highest 10%: 28% (1993)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.1% (1998 est.)
Labor force: 1.8 million
Labor force—by occupation: industry and construction 42%, agriculture and forestry 20%, other 38% (1997)
Unemployment rate: 6.7% (January 1998)
Budget:
revenues: $1.5 billion
expenditures: $1.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997
est.)
Industries: metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic components, computers, amber
Industrial production growth rate: 4.7% (1998 est.)
Electricity—production: 14.51 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity—production by source:
fossil fuel: 9.65%
hydro: 3.03%
nuclear: 87.32%
other: 0% (1996)
Electricity—consumption: 9.58 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity—exports: 5.23 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity—imports: 300 million kWh (1996)
Agriculture—products: grain, potatoes, sugar beets, flax, vegetables; beef, milk, eggs; fish
Exports: $4.2 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports—commodities: machinery and equipment 19%, mineral products 16%, textiles 15%, chemicals 8%, foodstuffs 8% (1997)
Exports—partners: Russia 24%, Germany 11%, Belarus 10%, Latvia 9%, Ukraine 9% (1997)
Imports: $5.9 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Imports—commodities: machinery and equipment 30%, mineral products 18%, chemicals 9%, textiles 8%, foodstuffs (1997)
Imports—partners: Russia 24%, Germany 19%, Poland, Denmark, Finland (1997)
Debt—external: $NA
Economic aid—recipient: $228.5 million (1995)
Currency: 1 Lithuanian litas = 100 centas
Exchange rates: litai per US$1—4.000 (fixed rate since 1 May 1994), 3.978 (1994), 4.344 (1993), 1.773 (1992)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones: 1.08 million (1998)
Telephone system: the Ministry of Communications and Informatics,
Ministry of Defense, and Ministry of Internal Affairs oversee Lithuania's
telecommunications; the national operator is Lietuvos Telomas; Internet
is available
domestic: local—three cellular service providers; NMT-450 and GSM standards
provide services nationwide; 80% of customers are on the two GSM networks;
157,000 cellular customers; intercity—Lithuania is close to completing
its fiber-optic backbone consisting of two small rings inside a larger
ring
international: Lithuania has international fiber-optic connectivity
to Latvia, Poland, and an undersea fiber-optic cable to Sweden
Radio broadcast stations: AM 13, FM 26, shortwave 1
Radios: 1.42 million (1993 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 3
Televisions: 93% of the population have TV, 30% have cable or
satellite dish, and 16% own VCRs (1996)
Transportation
Railways:
total: 2,002 km
broad gauge: 2,002 km 1.524-m gauge (122 km electrified) (1994)
Highways:
total: 68,161 km
paved: 60,527 km (including 410 km of expressways)
unpaved: 7,634 km (1997 est.)
Waterways: 600 km perennially navigable
Pipelines: crude oil, 105 km; natural gas 760 km (1992)
Ports and harbors: Kaunas, Klaipeda
Merchant marine:
total: 54 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 316,616 GRT/353,683 DWT
ships by type: cargo 26, combination bulk 11, oil tanker 2, railcar
carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 10, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger
3 (1998 est.)
Airports: 96 (1994 est.)
Airports—with paved runways:
total: 25
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 14 (1994 est.)
Airports—with unpaved runways:
total: 71
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 63 (1994 est.)
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Última actualització: 8 de juny de 2000