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Economy—overview: Norway is a prosperous bastion of welfare capitalism. The economy consists of a combination of free market activity and government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector (through large-scale state enterprises), and extensively subsidizes agriculture, fishing, and areas with sparse resources. Norway maintains an extensive welfare system that helps propel public sector expenditures to more than 50% of GDP and results in one of the highest average tax levels in the world. A major shipping nation, with a high dependence on international trade, Norway is basically an exporter of raw materials and semiprocessed goods. The country is richly endowed with natural resources—petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals—and is highly dependent on its oil production and international oil prices. Only Saudi Arabia exports more oil than Norway. Norway imports more than half its food needs. Oslo opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994. Economic growth in 1999 should drop to about 1%. Despite their high per capita income and generous welfare benefits, Norwegians worry about that time in the 21st century when the oil and gas run out.
GDP: purchasing power parity—$109 billion (1998 est.)
GDP—real growth rate: 2.4% (1998 est.)
GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$24,700 (1998 est.)
GDP—composition
by sector:
agriculture:
2%
industry:
30%
services:
68% (1997)
Household
income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest
10%: 4.1%
highest
10%: 21.2% (1991)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.3% (1998 est.)
Labor force: 2.3 million (1998 est.)
Labor force—by occupation: services 71%, industry 23%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 6% (1993)
Unemployment rate: 2.6% (yearend 1997)
Budget:
revenues:
$48.6 billion
expenditures:
$53 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)
Industries: petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing
Industrial production growth rate: 2.7% (1998 est.)
Electricity—production: 103.374 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity—production
by source:
fossil
fuel: 0.76%
hydro:
99.23%
nuclear:
0%
other:
0.01% (1996)
Electricity—consumption: 112.374 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity—exports: 4.2 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity—imports: 13.2 billion kWh (1996)
Agriculture—products: oats, other grains; beef, milk; fish
Exports: $39.8 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports—commodities: petroleum and petroleum products 55%, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish (1997)
Exports—partners: EU 76% (UK 19%, Germany 10%, Netherlands 11%, Sweden 9%, France 8%), US 6% (1997)
Imports: $37.1 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Imports—commodities: machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs
Imports—partners: EU 68% (Sweden 16%, Germany 14%, UK 9%, Denmark 7%, Netherlands 4%), US 6%, Japan 4%(1997)
Debt—external: none—Norway is a net external creditor
Economic aid—donor: ODA, $1.4 billion (1998)
Currency: 1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 oere
Exchange rates: Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1—7.4524 (January 1999), 7.5451 (1998), 7.0734 (1997), 6.4498 (1996), 6.3352 (1995), 7.0576 (1994)
Fiscal
year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones: 2.39 million (1994 est.); 470,000 cellular telephone subscribers (1994)
Telephone
system: high-quality domestic and international telephone, telegraph,
and telex services
domestic:
NA domestic satellite earth stations
international:
2 buried coaxial cable systems; 4 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth
stations—NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic
and Indian Ocean regions); note—Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station
with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 46, FM 493 (350 private and 143 government), shortwave 0
Radios: 3.3 million (1993 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 209 (1997)
Televisions:
1.5 million (1993 est.)
Transportation
Railways:
total:
4,012 km
standard
gauge: 4,012 km 1.435-m gauge (2,422 km electrified; 96 km double track)
(1996)
Highways:
total:
91,180 km
paved:
67,473 km (including 109 km of expressways)
unpaved:
23,707 km (1997 est.)
Waterways: 1,577 km along west coast; navigable by 2.4 m draft vessels maximum
Pipelines: refined petroleum products 53 km
Ports and harbors: Bergen, Drammen, Floro, Hammerfest, Harstad, Haugesund, Kristiansand, Larvik, Narvik, Oslo, Porsgrunn, Stavanger, Tromso, Trondheim
Merchant
marine:
total:
788 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,200,416 GRT/33,642,888 DWT
ships
by type: bulk 106, cargo 150, chemical tanker 99, combination bulk 8, combination
ore/oil 39, container 19, liquefied gas tanker 86, multifunction large-load
carrier 1, oil tanker 143, passenger 12, refrigerated cargo 15, roll-on/roll-off
cargo 52, short-sea passenger 22, vehicle carrier 36
note:
the government has created an internal register, the Norwegian International
Ship register (NIS), as a subset of the Norwegian register; ships on the
NIS enjoy many benefits of flags of convenience and do not have to be crewed
by Norwegians (1998 est.)
Airports: 103 (1998 est.)
Airports—with
paved runways:
total:
66
over
3,047 m: 1
2,438
to 3,047 m: 11
1,524
to 2,437 m: 14
914
to 1,523 m: 11
under
914 m: 29 (1998 est.)
Airports—with
unpaved runways:
total:
37
914
to 1,523 m: 5
under
914 m: 32 (1998 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1998 est.)
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Última actualització: 8 de juny de 2000