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Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
Geographic coordinates: 46 00 N, 25 00 E
Area:
total:
237,500 sq km
land:
230,340 sq km
water:
7,160 sq km
Land
boundaries:
total:
2,508 km
border
countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and
Montenegro 476 km (all with Serbia), Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east)
169 km
Coastline: 225 km
Maritime
claims:
contiguous
zone: 24 nm
continental
shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive
economic zone: 200 nm
territorial
sea: 12 nm
Climate: temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
Terrain: central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
Elevation
extremes:
lowest
point: Black Sea 0 m
highest
point: Moldoveanu 2,544 m
Natural resources: petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt
Land
use:
arable
land: 41%
permanent
crops: 3%
permanent
pastures: 21%
forests
and woodland: 29%
other:
6% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 31,020 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: earthquakes most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides
Environment—current issues: soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands
Environment—international
agreements:
party
to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of
the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed,
but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental
Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Geography—note: controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine
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Última actualització: 8 de juny de 2000