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Country
name:
conventional
short form: Romania
local
short form: Romania
Government type: republic
Capital: Bucharest
Administrative divisions: 40 counties (judete, singular—judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea
Independence: 1881 (from Turkey; republic proclaimed 30 December 1947)
National holiday: National Day of Romania, 1 December (1990)
Constitution: 8 December 1991
Legal system: former mixture of civil law system and communist legal theory; is now based on the constitution of France's Fifth Republic
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive
branch:
chief
of state: President Emil CONSTANTINESCU (since 29 November 1996)
head
of government: Prime Minister Radu VASILE (since 17 April 1998)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections:
president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held
3 November 1996, with runoff between the top two candidates held 17 November
1996 (next to be held NA November/December 2000); prime minister appointed
by the president
election
results: percent of vote—Emil CONSTANTINESCU 54.4%, Ion ILIESCU 45.6%
Legislative
branch: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or
Senat (143 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote on a proportional
representation basis to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies
or Adunarea Deputatilor (343 seats; members are elected by direct popular
vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms)
elections:
Senate—last held 3 November 1996 (next to be held NA 2000); Chamber of
Deputies—last held 3 November 1996 (next to be held NA 2000)
election
results: Senate—percent of vote by party—CDR 30.7%, PDSR 23.1%, USD 13.2%,
UDMR 6.8%, PRM 4.5%, PUNR 4.2%, others 17.5%; seats by party—CDR 53, PDSR
41, USD 23, UDMR 11, PRM 8, PUNR 7; Chamber of Deputies—percent of vote
by party—CDR 30.2%, PDSR 21.5%, USD 12.9%, UDMR 6.6% PRM 4.5%, PUNR 4.4%,
others 19.9%; seats by party—CDR 122, PDSR 91, USD 53, UDMR 25, PRM 19,
PUNR 18, ethnic minorities 15
Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice, judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates
Political
parties and leaders: Democratic Party or PD [Petre ROMAN]; Romanian
Social Democratic Party or PSDR [Sergiu CUNESCU]; Party of Social Democracy
in Romania or PDSR [Ion ILIESCU]; Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania
or UDMR [Bela MARKO]; National Liberal Party or PNL [Mircea IONESCU-QUINTUS];
National Peasants' Christian and Democratic Party or PNTCD [Ion DIACONESCU];
Romanian National Unity Party or PUNR [Valeriu TABARA]; Socialist Labor
Party or PSM [Ilie VERDET]; Agrarian Democratic Party of Romania or PDAR
[Mihai BERCA]; The Democratic Convention or CDR [Ion DIACONESCU]; Romania
Mare Party (Greater Romanian Party) or PRM [Corneliu Vadim TUDOR]; Civic
Alliance Party or PAC [Nicolae MANOLESCU, chairman]; Liberal Party '93
or PL-93 [Dinu PATRICIU]; National Liberal Party-Democratic Convention
or PNL-CD [Nicolae CERVENI]; Socialist Party or PS [Tudor MOHORA]
note:
to increase their voting strength several of the above-mentioned parties
united under umbrella organizations: PNTCD, PNL, and PNL-CD form the bulk
of the Democratic Convention or CDR [Ion DIACONESCU]; PD and PSDR form
the Union of Social Democrats or USD [Petre ROMAN]; and PAC and PL-93 form
the National Liberal Alliance or ANL [Nicolae MANOLESCU]; PSM, PS, ANL,
and numerous other small parties failed to gain representation in the most
recent election
Political pressure groups and leaders: various human rights and professional associations
International organization participation: ACCT, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (applicant), FAO, G- 9, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MONUA, NAM (guest), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UPU, WCL, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
Flag description: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been removed; now similar to the flags of Andorra and Chad
Disputes—international: dispute with Ukraine over continental shelf of the Black Sea under which significant gas and oil deposits may exist; agreed in 1997 to two-year negotiating period, after which either party can refer dispute to the International Court of Justice
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Última actualització: 8 de juny de 2000